Question 1

What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?

Accepted Answer

Your marginal tax rate is the rate applied to your last dollar of income — it is your highest tax bracket. Your effective tax rate is the average rate you actually pay across all brackets. For example, a single filer earning $100,000 has a marginal rate of 22% but an effective rate of about 15.6%, because the first portions of income are taxed at lower rates (10% and 12%).

Question 2

What are the 2025 federal income tax brackets?

Accepted Answer

For 2025, the federal tax brackets for single filers are: 10% on income up to $11,925; 12% from $11,926 to $48,475; 22% from $48,476 to $103,350; 24% from $103,351 to $197,300; 32% from $197,301 to $250,525; 35% from $250,526 to $626,350; and 37% on income above $626,350. Brackets are wider for married filing jointly.

Question 3

How does the standard deduction reduce my taxes?

Accepted Answer

The standard deduction is an amount subtracted from your gross income before taxes are calculated. For 2025, the standard deduction is $15,000 for single filers, $30,000 for married filing jointly, $15,000 for married filing separately, and $22,500 for head of household. This means if you earn $75,000 as a single filer, only $60,000 is taxable.

Tax Rate	Income Range
10%	Up to $11,925
12%	$11,926 - $48,475
22%	$48,476 - $103,350
24%	$103,351 - $197,300
32%	$197,301 - $250,525
35%	$250,526 - $626,350
37%	Over $626,350

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2025 Federal Tax Brackets (Single)

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